Likewise, Marxist authors criticized these policies, arguing that socio-spatial integration responds to simplistic and naïve objectives, since they only produce physical proximity, which may even end up inducing gentrifying processes. These debates have not been limited to theory, but have marked the empirical agenda of different urban studies and public policies, especially the Chicago School, which has been established as the base over which social integration policies that promote socio-demographic diversity within cities have been supported. On the other hand, the Marxist approach understands this issue as a structurally determined problem. On one hand, the Chicago School has influenced several generations of authors who have portrayed segregation as a natural phenomenon. The problem of residential segregation has been debated for years between two opposite visions. KEYWORDS: URBAN SOCIOLOGY SEGREGATION INTEGRATION URBAN POLICY SOCIO-SPATIAL DIALECTICS. Finally, in order to understand spatial transformations, beyond structuralist and naturalist views of segregation, the idea of socio- spatial dialectics and the Right-to-the- City program are taken to relocate integration as a critical and progressive claim. It is argued that functionalist-positivist theories have influenced empirical studies and various ideas that shape integration policies, with an excessive reliance on the physical proximity between different social groups. Several explanations of segregation are reviewed here: sociologic-historical considerations, functionalist-positivist theories and conflict-poststructuralist theories. In contrast, integration has become a neoliberal goal or a voluntaristic approach. Email: segregation is for some a natural phenomenon for and for others a structurally determined problem. MSc in Urban Planning, University of Chile, 2006. PhD in Urban Planning and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 2014. Assistant Professor, Institute of Urban and Territorial Studies at the School of Architecture, Design and Urban Studies, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile. Segregation and integration in urban sociology: a review of perspectives and critical approaches for public policyġĜhile.
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